In the January 1972 issue of the Report,
NACLA noted that as Congress reduced spending on
the Military Assistance Program (MAP), the Nixon
Administration was increasingly pressuring Third
World countries to “arm now – pay later” under
the credit system of the Foreign Military Sales
(FMS) program. Using 1970 and 1971 data, we
showed that U.S. arms sales to the Third World
had reached parity with MAP spending (FMS sales
to underdeveloped countries totalled $1,275
million in 1970-71 while MAP grants came to
$1,240 million), and predicted a “dramatic rise
in FMS sales in coming years. Now, two years
later, it is clear that even our wildest predic-
tions of 1972 failed to register the phenomenal
growth in military exports to the Third World:
U.S. FOREIGN MILITARY SALES TRENDS, 1 9 5 0-197 2 a
(By Fiscal Year; Dollars in millions)
Region 1950-69 1970-72 1950-72
UNDERDEVELOPED
NATIONS, Total……. 2,770 3,992 6,762
East Asia ……… 185 310 495
Latin America…… 448 258 706
Near East & S. Asia 1,834 3,189 5,023
Africa…………. 64 68 132
Spain & Portugal… 239 167 406
DEVELOPED NATIONS,
Total…………….. 8,880 2,505 11,385
Europec ……….. 6,655 1,976 8,631
Australia, Japan,
New Zealand…… 1,167 325 1,492
Canada………….. 822 109 931
NATO …………… 236 95 331
TOTAL……………. 11,650 6,497 18,147
“aSource: U.S. House Committee on Foi
Mutual Development & Cooperation
reign Affairs
Act of 1973,
in Fiscal 1974, with Defense Department officials
predicting a record-breaking military sales total
of $5.4 billion worldwide (of which 60 percent
represents sales to Third World nations), FMS
deliveries are running at a rate eight times
greater than MAP grants.
Not surprisingly, the explosive growth in
military sales to underdeveloped countries has
been accompanied by changes in U.S. foreign
policy. Whereas previous Administrations had
held that military exports should be carefully
screened to prevent needless Third World expen-
ditures on non-developmental programs, and to
– 24 –
Hearings, 93rd Cong., 1st Sess., 1973, pp.
b 130-8. (Excludes commercial cash sales.) cExcludes Australia, Japan, New Zealand. CExcludes Spain and Portugal.
m mprevent local arm races from erupting in war,
the Nixon Administration argues that any such controls are self-defeating since these
countries will buy arms anyway-if not from us,
then from Europe or the USSR–and that American
interests are best served by selling to anyone
who can make the down payments. 2 “Despite all
arguments to the contrary,” Deputy Secretary of
Defense William P. Clements told Congress in
announcing the 1974 sales target of $5.4 billion,
“foreign military sales in this magnitude, and
even a larger magnitude, are fully consistent
with our national interest. The importance
attached by the Nixon Doctrine to encouraging
the military self-reliance of our free world
partners makes it axiomatic that nations having
the necessary economic capability should procure
their own military equipment and services for
cash or credit on appropriate terms.” (Emphasis
added.)
During subsequent questioning by members
of the House Armed Services Committee, Clements
and his aides indicated that there were other
compelling arguments for accelerating U.S. mili-
tary sales to the Third World: first, that such
sales can contribute significantly to the reduc-
tion of America’s balance-of-payments deficit;
second, that such sales will insure full.produc-
tion (and thus full employment) in the U.S.
aerospace industry despite the slowdown in De-
fense procurement occasioned by the cease-fire
in Vietnam; and third, that credit-assisted
sales enable us to continue providing arms for
friendly Third World governments without requir-
ing direct subsidies from the declining foreign
aid program. Any restriction on U.S. military
exports, Clements argued, “decreases the poten-
tial contribution of sales . . . to strengthen-
ing both free world security and the U.S. economy
and balance-of-payments position.” (Emphasis
added.)
The Administration’s .new policies were
given dramatic emphasis in the early summer of
1973, when, in a series of three decisions, the
White House shattered every existing constraint
on arms sales to the Third World:
-First, on May 26, the Pentagon confirmed
that the Administration had agreed to sell ad-
vanced armaments, including F-4 Phantom fighter-
bombers and F-5E supersonic jets, to Kuwait and
Saudi Arabia–both of which have provided funds
and mil tary support to the Arab forces battling
Israel.
— Next, on June 5, Secretary of State
William P. Rogers announced that President Nixon
would exercise his option–under an obscure pro-
vision of the Foreign Military Sales Act–to
waive Congressional restrictions on the sale of “sophisticated” military hardware to Latin Ameri-
ca, and would authorize sales of the F-5E super-
sonic fighter to Argentina, Brazil, Colombia,
Venezuela and, surprisingly, to Chile (still at
that time ruled by 6 the Marxist government of
Salvador Allende).
— Finally, in the last week of July, Shah
Muhammad Raza Pahlavi of Iran was flown to the
United States to select first-hand the weapons
U.S. MILITARY ASSISTANCE AND FOREIGN MILITARY SALES TRENDS, FISCAL YEARS 1967 – 1973
(By Fiscal Year; Dollars in Millions)
Program Category 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1 9 7 3 c
FMS Sales: Underdev’d Nationsa 128 299 515 227 1,048 2,001 n.a.
FMS Sales: Developed Nationsa 966 784 1,170 688 834 1,421 n.a
FMS Sales: NATO, Int’l Orgs.a 34 30 34 19 15 40 n.a.
FMS Sales, Totala 1,128 1,113 1,720 933 1,898 3,462 4,040
Commercial Salesc 345 335 329 567 416 475 569
MILITARY SALES, Totala,c 1,473 1,448 2,049 1,500 2,314 3,937 4,609
NAP Aide Underdev’d Nationsb 692 622 539 520 875 647 n.a.
MAP Aid: All Countriesb 757 646 560 523 879 651 774
n.a. = not available
aSource (except 1973 data): U.S. Department of Defense, Military Assistance and Foreign
Military Sales Facts (Washington, D.C., 1971); and, U.S. Congress, House Committee
on Foreign Affairs, Mutual Development and Cooperation Act of 1973, Hearings,
93rd Cong., 1st Sess., 1973, pp. 130-8.
bSource (Except 1973 data): U.S. Agency for International Development, U.S. Overseas
Loans and Grants, July 1, 1946-June 30, 1972 (Washington, 1973). Includes Military
Assistance Program (MAP) grants plus transfers of “excess” defense articles. Source: U.S. Congress, Senate Committee on Foreign Relations, Foreign Assistance and
Related Programs Appropriations for Fiscal Year 1974, Hearings, 93rd Cong., Ist
Sess., 1973, Part II, p. 1434.
– 25 -I.
U.S. Foreign Military Sales, 1950-72′
(By Fiscal Year; dollars in millions)
Region &
country:
WORLDWIDE, Total
=
E. ASIA, Total
Australia
Burma
China (Taiwan)
Japan
Korea (South)
Malaysia
N. Zealand
Philippines
Singapore
Thailand
Other
NEAR EAST, S. ASIA
Greece
India
Iran
Iraq
Israel
Jordan
Lebanon
Pakistan
S. Arabia
Turkey
Other
LATIN AMERICA
Argentina
Bolivia
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Cuba (1950-59)
Dominican Rep.
Ecuador
El Salvador
Guatemala
Honduras
Mexico
Nicaragua
Peru
1950-69
11,649.9
1,352.8
835.7
2.0
121.8
235.3
5.2
16.3
96.5
5.8
20.0
5.1
9.2
1,833.8
60.7
83.0
765.6
13.2
367.8
136.1
2.7
88.9
311.0
4.6
0.3
447.5
99.5
0.9
99.7
42.5
11.2
4.5
1.9
4.3
1.5
3.0
1.1
11.9
2.2
49.5
1970-72
6,496.7
634.5
214.0
0.3
208.4
95.4
34.8
13.8
15.3
2.5
10.6
39.4
*
3,189.5
268.9
3.5
1,036.3
1,349.0
65.6
12.3
46.1
382.5
25.3
*
257.9
56.8
0.1
75.5
23.2
15.3
0.1
0.3
*
12.4
*
0.9
1.0
5.0
1950-72
18,146.5
1,987.3
1,049.6
2.2
330.3
330.7
40.0
30.1
111.8
8.3
30.7
44.5
9.2
5,023.3
329.6
86.5
1,801.9
13.2
1,716.8
201.7
15.1
134.9
693.5
29.9
0.3
705.4
156.2
1.0
175.2
65.7
26.5
4.5
1.9
4.6
1.5
15.4
1.1
12.8
3.3
54.5
Region &
Country: 1950-69 1970-72 1950-72
– 26 –
Uruguay 2.8 7.6 10.4
Venezuela 109.6 59.6 169.1
Other 1.5 0.2 1.7
AFRICA, Total 64.5 67.7 132.2
Liberia 1.3 2.0 3.3
Libya 21.1 9.8 30.9
Morocco 31.3 32.3 63.6
Nigeria 0.4 1.0 1.4
So. Africa 3.1 * 3.1
Sudan 1.5 – 1.5
Tunisia 3.0 2.2 5.2
Zaire (Congo) 1.5 19.8 21.4
Other 1.2 0.6 1.8
EUROPE, Total 6,894.3 2,143.4 9,037.7
Austria 55.6 6.3 61.9
Belgium 124.1 15.8 139.9
Denmark 75.2 40.5 115.7
France 324.2 15.6 339.9
Germany 3,714.9 1,387.2 5,102.1
Italy 437.5 146.5 583.9
Luxembourg 1.9 0.3 2.2
Netherlands 126.0 44.9 171.0
Norway 168.5 57.7 226.1
Portugal 7.6 6.8 14.3
Spain 201.1 164.6 365.7
Sweden 37.8 2.7 40.4
Switzerland 95.2 35.4 130.6
United Kingdom 1,513.3 217.9 1,731.2
Yugoslavia 11.4 0.5 11.9
Other * 0.8 0.8
Canada 821.6 109.1 930.6
NATO & Int’l Orgns. 235.5 94.6 330.0
aSource: U.S. Congress, House, Committee on
Foreign Affairs, Mutual Development and
Cooperation Act of 1973, Hearings, 93rd Cong.,
1st Sess., 1973, pp. 330-8. Includes sales by
the U.S. Dept. of Defense and commercial sales
backed by Dept. of Defense loan guaranties.
Excludes direct commercial cash sales.
Less than $50,000.his government would acquire in a $2.5 billion “buying spreew–the largest arms deal ever nego- tiated. While in the U.S., the Shah became the first foreigner to be invited to place orders for America’s newest jet aircraft–the F-14 and F-15 air-superiority fighters–in the first instance of a Third World nation being allowed to buy a new advanced weapon before our NATO allies.
The phenomenal growth of U.S. arms sales to Third World areas is eloquently documented in the raw statistics provided Congress by the De- partment of Defense. By doing a few simple cal- culations using this data, one makes the star- tlia discovery that U.S. military exports to underdeveloped countries over the past three years ($4.0 billion for Fiscal Years 1970-72) are nearly one and a half times greater than all such sales for the preceeding twenty years ($2.8 billion Fiscal 1950-69).
On a per annum basis, this works out to $1.3 billion yearly for 1970- 72, as compared to only $140 million per year for 1950-69. Equally striking is the fact that sales to underdeveloped countries in 1970-72 were sixty
percent gr ater than sales to the developed
8 countries. These ominous trends are graphically displayed in the accompanying tables and charts.
-M. Klare
FOOTNOTES: “Arms Sales to the Third World,” NACLA’e Latin America Report, January, 1972, pp. 2-8. For discussion and references, see Michael Klare, War Without End: American Planning for the Next Vietnams (New York: Knopf, 1972), pp. 283-7. U.S. Congress, House, Committee on Foreign Affairs, Mutual Development and Cooperation Act of 1973, Hearings, 93rd Cong., 1st Sess., 1973, p. 110. (Hereinafter cited as Mutual Development 1973.)
Ibid. — – Aviation Week & Space Technology, June 11, 1973, p. 30. The New York Times, June 6, 1973. The New York Times, July 19, 22, 26, 1973. Mutual Development 1973, pp. 130-8.
Advertisement. Aviation Week and Space Technology
– 27 – Major U.S. Arms Transfers
To Foreign Countries, 1971-73
Compiled by M. Klare / NACLA
(Note: parantheses indicate approximation. Abbreviations at end of table.)
Date Date Recipient Quantity Item Comment Ordered Delivered Source
Latin America
Argentina 8 Bell 205A-1 utility helicopter n.a. 1971 SY72 4 Sikorsky S-61D4 ASW helicopter Jul 71 1972 MB72/3 8 Hughes 500M light helicopter n.a. 1971 SY72 48 McD-D A-4B Skyhawk attack plane ex-USN; 16 delivered 1970 1972-3 AWST,4-9-73; 1972 for aircraft SY73 carrier 25 de Mayo 3 Lockheed C-130E Hercules cargo plane 1970 1971-2 SY73 3 Fairchild-Hiller Turbo-Porter STOL For Navy use n.a. 1971 SY72 transport plane 2 Ocean-going tugs Ex-USN n.a. 1972 IDB,5-73 2 Destroyers Ex-USN n.a. Jul 72 IDB,5-73 2 Patrol boats, 689 t. displmt. 1972 SY72
Brazil 6 Sikorsky S-61 ASW helicopter n.a. (1972-3) AWST,5-28-73 22 Bell UH-1 Iroquois helicopter For carrying troops; n.a. (1972) AWST,5-28-73; 8 delivered Jan 73 IDB,5-73 48 Northrop F-5E Int’l Fighter Cost: $100 m. May 73 n.a. AWST,6-4-73 25 Cessna T-37C trainer aircraft n.a. Jan 72 IDB,5-73 1 Destroyer Ex-USN n.a. 1972 IDB,5-73 3 Submarine, Guppy-II class Ex-USN n.a. 1972 SY73
Chile 20 McD-D A-4B Skyhawk attack plane Ex-USN; delivery 1973 n.a. AWST,5-14-73 pending from US surplus stocks 3 Lockheed C-130E Hercules cargo plane Purchased with $5 m. Jun 71 1 72 SY72 FMS credits ? Cessna A-37B Dragonfly COIN aircraft 1973 n.a. AWST,7-30-73 1 Ocean-going tug, 1235 t. displmt. Loan; ex-USN n.a. Jul 71 SY72 1 Naval tanker Ex-USN n.a. 1972 IDB,5-73
Colombia 1 Destroyer, Sumner class, 2200 t. dis. Ex-USN n.a. Jul 72 SY73 1 Destroyer-escort Ex-USN n.a. 1972 IDB,5-73
Dominican Rep. 1 Ocean-going tug, ATA class Ex-USN n.a. Feb 72 IDB,5-73
Ecuador 2 Fairchild-Hiller Turbo-Porter STOL 1971 Jun 71 SY72 transport plane
Guatemala (6) Cessna A-37 COIN aircraft n.a. 1971 SY72 ? Bell 205A-1 utility helicopter n.a. 1971 SY72
Haiti 4 Helicopters 1971 (1972) SY73 6 Coast Guard vessels, 100 t. dispimt. Cost: $1.2 m. 1971 (1972) SY73
Honduras (4) Cavalier P-51 Mustang COIN plane To replace losses in n.a. 1971 SY72 1969 war with El 2 Douglas B-26 Invader bombers Salvador n.a. 1971 SY72
Jamaica 1 Bell 206A Jet Ranger helicopter n.a. 1971 SY72
Mexico 5 Bell 205A-1 utility helicopter Nov 72 1973 SY73 5 Bell 206B Jet Ranger helicopter Nov 72 1973 SY73
Panama 1 Douglas DC-6 transport plane n.a. Jan 71 SY72
Paraguay 12 Bell H-13 Sioux It. obs. helicopter MAP grant n.a. Mar 72 SY73
Peru 13 Bell UH-1 Iroquois helicopter Apr 72 Mar 73 IDB,5-73 24 Cessna A-37B Dragonfly armed trainer Armed for COIN 1973 n.a. AWST,7-30-73 ? Beech T-42A trainer aircraft n.a. 1972 IDB.5-73
– 28 –
Arms Trusafers
Date Date
Recipient Quantity Item Comment Ordered Delivered Source
Uruguay 1 Destroyer-escort Ex-USN n.a. 1972 IDB 5-73
Venezuela 16 Rockwell OV-IOE Bronco COIN aircraft Purchased with $4.2 Dec 71 1973 MB72/3;SY73
m. FMS credits
12 Rockwell T-2D armed trainer Cost: $5.2 m. Apr 72 1973 MB72/3;SY73
100 Raytheon AIM-9 Sidewinder A/A missile Feb 72 n.a. IDB,5-73
1 Destroyer Ex-USN n.a. Jul 72 IDB,5-73
1 Submarine Ex-USN n.a. Jan 72 IDB,5-73
Near East & So. Asia
Greece 36 McD-D F-4 Phantom fighter-bomber $150 m. FMS credits Mar 72 1973-74 MB72/73;SY73
2 Destroyers Ex-USN Sep 71 Apr 74 MB72/73;SY73
Iran 287 Bell 214A troop-carrying helicopter $502 m. contract Jun 73 1974-79 AWST,7-2-73;
202 Bell AH-1J Cobra helic. gunship J signed June 1973 SY73
141 Northrop F-5E International Fighter These sales are part
32 McD-D F-4 Phantom fighter-bomber (in of a $2.5 billion
addition to 64 previously sold) arms deal announced
50 McD-D F-15 Air Superiority fighter Feb. 1973–the (1973) n.a. AWST,8-27-73
36 Grumman F-14A Air Superiority fighter biggest arms sale (1973) n.a. AWST,8-27-73
4 Lockheed P-3C Orion ASW patrol plane ever negotiated. Sep 72 1974 IDB,10-72
6 Boeing 707-329 tanker-transport J Cost: $62.5 m.
3 NAR Turbo Commander utility plane Cost: $2.5 m. n.a. 1972-73 SY73
6 NAR Aero-Commander Shrike light plane
(2,500) Hughes Maverick TV-guided A/S guided First sale outside (1973) n.a. AWST,6-18-73
missile for F-4s the U.S.
? Hughes TOW antitank missile Cost: $15 m. 1971 1971-73 SY73
1 Destroyer, “Sumner” class, 2200-t. Ex-USN (1971) 1972 SY73
displacement
Israel 42 McD-D F-4 Phantom fighter-bomber Feb 72 1972-74 NYT,2-11-72;
90 McD-D A-4 Skyhawk attack plane SY73
? H-107 SP 175-mm. howitzer Apr 72 (1972) MB72/3
(30+) McD-D F-4 Phantom fighter-bomber These items repre-
6+ McD-D A-4 Skyhawk attack plane sent part of the
150+ M-60 medium tank 50,000 tons of war
2,000 Hughes TOW antitank missile supplies rushed to Oct 72 Oct 72 AWST,10-22-73;
Israel during the Business Week,
Oct. 1973 war. The 10-20-73
Nixon Admin. plans
arms shipments
worth $2.2 billion
to Israel in 1974+
Jordan 24 Northrop F-5A and F-SE fighters MAP grant 1972 1973+ MB72/3;SY73
4 Fairchild-Hiller C-119K cargo plane n.a. 1972-73 SY73
90 M-60 medium tank MAP grant 1971 1971 MB72/3
200 M-113 APCs MAP grant 1972 1974 MB72/3;SY73
Kuwait 30 LTV F-8 Crusader jet fighter Part of an est. $500 (1973) n.a. NYT,5-26-73
(160) M-60 medium tanks J m. arms deal
2 Lockheed C-130 Hercules cargo plane n.a. Apr 71 SY72
Saudi Arabia (100) Northrop F-5E International Fighter $130 m. deal for lst 1971 1974+ AWST,11-12-73
20 Northrop F-5B trainers 30 F-5Es and the
F-SBs signed 9-71
20-30 Westland-Sikorsky S-61 troop-carrying n.a. (1973) AWST,9-17-73
helicopter
10 Lockheed C-130 Hercules cargo plane n.a. 1968+ AWST,11-12-73
4 Lockheed KC-130 tanker aircraft 1972 n.a. IDB,10-72
Sri Lanka 4 Bell 204A Jet Ranger helicopter MAP grant, $3 m. n.a. Apr 72 SY73
Turkey 42 Northrop F-SE International Fighter Apr 72 n.a. MB72/3
40 McD-D F-4 Phantom fighter-bomber $200 m. FMS credits Aug 72 1973-75 SY73
12 Grumman S-2 Tracker ASW patrol plane Jun 71 1972 SY73
5 Beech T-42A trainer aircraft MAP grant n.a. 1971 SY72
400 M-48 Patton tank Ex-U.S. Army 1972 1972+ SY73
2 Destroyers Ex-USN n.a. 1972 IDB,2-73
3 Submarines, “Guppy” class Ex-USN n.a. 1972 SY73
7 Gunboats, 225 t. displmt. n.a. (1971-72) SY73
– 29 –
INEast Asia & Pacific
Arms Transfers
Date Date
Recipient Quantity Item Comments Ordered Delivered Source
Australia 30 Bell UH-1 Iroquois utility helicopter Oct 71 n.a. MB72/3
75 Bell 206A Jet Ranger helicopter May 72 1973 MB72/3
12 Boeing-Vertol CH-47C Chinook helicopter Mar 72 1973 MB72/3
24 Gen. Dynamics FB-111 Swing-wing Original 1963 price Oct 63 Mar 73 WSJ,3-13-73
fighter-bomber set at $125 m; now
will cost $344 m.
Burma 12 Cessna T-37C armed trainer For COIN use n.a. (1971) SY72
Cambodia (20) Bell UH-1 helicopter gunships Ex-U.S. Army 1973 1973 NYT,6-2-73
6 Bell 205A-1 helicopters MAP grant (1970) SY72
? NAR T-28 trainer aircraft MAP grant; replaces 1971 (1971) SY72
10 destroyed Jan.
1971
20 Douglas A-I Skyraider MAP grant n.a. Nov 1972 SY73
2 Cessna L-19 Bird Dog spotter planes MAP grant n.a. Nov 1972 SY73
Indonesia (16) Lockheed T-33 trainer aircraft MAP grant n.a. (1972) SY73
Japan 11 Bell/Fuji UH-IH utility helicopter Assembled in Japan; n.a. (1972) AWST,2-7-72
Cost: $850,000 ea.
15 Hughes/Kawasaki OH-6J light helic. Assembled in Japan n.a. (1972) AWST,2-7-72
48 Hughes TH-55 helicopter trainer Nov 71 (1976) MB72/3
6 Sikorsky/Mitsubishi ASW patrol helic. Assembled in Japan n.a. (1972) AWST,2-7-72
6 Boeing-Vertol/Kawasaki medium helic. Assembled in Japan; n.a. (1972) AWST,2-7-72
cost: $1.7 m. ea.
186 McD-D F-4EJ Phantom fighter-bomber 158 to be built in 1970-71 1974-77 MB72/3
Japan under license
14 McD-D RF-4E recon. plane Cost: $6.5 m. each (1972) n.a. AWST,2-7-72
8 Lockheed/Kawasaki P-2J Orion ASW Assembled in Japan; (1972) n.a. AWST,2-7-72
patrol plane Cost: $5.5 m. each
108 Raytheon Hawk S/A missile Cost: $43.2 m. (1972) n.a. AWST,2-7-72
65 McD-D/Mitsubishi Nike-Hercules S/A Cost: $28 m. (1972) n.a. AWST,2-7-72
missile
80 Raytheon/Mitsubishi Sparrow-3 A/A Cost: $6 m. (1972) n.a. AWST,2-7-72
missile
Malaysia 100 Cadillac-Gage Commando amphibious APC n.a. (1972) IDB,10-72
16 Northrop F-5E International Fighter Cost: $35 m. Jul 72 1973-75 SY73
Philippines (10) Cessna T-41D trainer aircraft n.a. 1972 SY73
Singapore 40 McD-D A-4 Skyhawk attack planes Ex-USN Sep 72 n.a. AWST,4-9-73
South Korea 16 McD-D F-4 Phantom fighter-bomber To replace F-5s sent 1972 n.a. SY73
to S. Vietnam 11-72
12 Northrop F-5E International Fighter MAP grant 1972 n.a. MB72/3
10 Grumman G-89 Tracker ASW patrol plane Jan 71 1971 SY72
2 Destroyers ex-USN Apr 72 n.a. SY73
2 Coastal minesweepers, 320 t. displmt. MAP grant n.a. Jun 71 SY72
3 Patrol boats FMS credit, $16 m. n.a. 1973-74 IDB,9-72
South Vietnam 78 Northrop F-SE International Fighter MASF grant Mar 72 1973-75 SY73;MB72/3
(650) River and coastal vessels Ex-USN n.a. 1970-73 SY72
(450) M-48 medium tanks Most of this equip-
(1,100) M-113 APCs ment is ex-U.S.
(1,500) Self-propelled howitzers hardware delivered
(750,000) M-16 rifles to S. Vietnam free
20 Douglas A-I Skyraider attack plane of charge under the
(72 had been delivered previously) MASF program. Most 1972-73 IDB,12-11-72;
90 Cessna A-37A COIN attack plane (168 deliveries were made SY73
previously delivered) in the period June
20 AC-119 gunship aircraft 1972-Jan. 1973 fol-
32 Lockheed C-130 Hercules transport lowing the May 1972
125 Northrop F-5A/B attack plane (bor- enemy offensive and
rowed from Iran, S. Korea, Taiwan) prior to the Jan. 73
270 Bell UH-I Iroquois utility helic. peace settlement.
? EC-47 electronic warfare planes
Taiwan 6 Hughes OH-6A light observation helic. MAP grant (1970) n.a. SY72
74 Bell 205A-1 utility helicopter Assembled in Taiwan 1969 1971+ SY73
? Northroj F-SE International Fighter Will include replace- Mar 72 1972-75 MB72/3
ments for F-5s sent
– 30 –
to . V etnamAroms Transfers
Date Date
Recipient Quantity Item Comments Ordered Delivered Source
Taiwan 9 Grumman S-2A Tracker ASW patrol plane n.a. (1971) SY72
50 Pazmany PL-I light aircraft Assembled in Taiwan 1968 1970-72 SY73
1 Oceanographic ship, 6090 t. displmt. Ex-USN n.a. Apr 72 SY73
1 Repair ship, 5766 t. displmt. Ex-USN n.a. Mar 72 SY73
Thailand 16 NAR OV-10 Bronco COIN aircraft $5.8 m. FMS credit 1972 1973 SY73
32 McD-D A-4 Skyhawk attack plane Ex-USN (1973) n.a. AWST,5-28-73
(30) Northrop F-5E International Fighter Mar 72 1973-75 MB72/3
17 Douglas A-i Skyraider COIN aircraft MAP grant Jul 72 n.a. NYT,7-11-72
10 River patrol craft MAP grant n.a. 1972 SY73
2 Frigate, 900 t. displmt. 1969 n.a. SY73
Africa
Ethiopia 3 Northrop F-5A Freedom Fighter plane n.a. 1972 SY73
Ghana 2 Bell 212 Twin-Pac helicopter n.a. 1972 SY73
Libya 10 Boeing-Vertol CH-47C Chinook medium Deal reported under- Jul 72 n.a. AFJ,7-73
helicopter way 7-73 would be
first US sale to rad-
ical Arab state.
Uganda 6 Bell 212 Twin-Pac helicopter n.a. 1971 SY72
Europe
Belgium ? LTV Lance S/S missile Jun 73 n.a. NYT,6-7-73
Germany 175-225 McD-D F-4E Phantom fighter-bomber Cost: $1 billion Sep 71 1974-75 AFJ,4-5-71
(600) LTV Lance S/S missile Cost: $300 m. Jun 73 n.a. NYT,6-7-73
— These sales are
designed to offset
U.S. spending on US
troops in Germany
Italy 2 McD-D DC-9 militarized transport (1973) n.a. AWST,5-28-73
5,000 Hughes TOW antitank missile Apr 1972 1972+ MB72/3
7 LTV Lance S/S missile (1973) n.a. NYT,6-7-73
2 Submarines Ex-USN Mar 72 1972-73 MB72/3
Portugal 1 Repair ship, 1200-t. displmt. Ex-USN n.a. Jan 72 SY73
Spain 6 Boeing-Vertol CH-47C Chinook helic. Cost: $18 m. (1972) n.a. IDB,9-72
4 Lockheed P-3 ASW patrol plane n.a. 1973 AWST,8-20-73
8 Hawker-Siddeley AV-8A Harrier VTOL Built in Britain; Aug 73 1975-76 AWST,8-20-73
fighter modified in U.S.
1 Guided-missile frigate, “Brooke” Built in Spain under n.a. 1972 IDB,5-72
class U.S. supervision
United Kingdom ? Mk46 torpedo Dec 71 n.a. MB72/3
(240) LTV Lance S/S missile Cost: $120 m. Jun 73 n.a. NYT.6-7-73
“aFor a table of U.S. arms transfers, 1968-71, see NACLA’s Latin America Report, January, 1972.
Abbreviations: Sources:
A/A – air-to-air MASF – Military Assistance, AFJ – Armed Forces Journal
APC – armored personnel carrier Service-Funded AWST – Aviation Week & Space Technology
A/S – air-to-surface m. – million IDB – International Defense Business
ASW – antisubmarine warfare McD-D – McDonnell-Douglas MB72/3 – International Institute of Strategic
COIN – counterinsurgency MAR – North American Rockwell Studies, The Military Balance,
dis., displmt. – displacement n.a. – not available 1972-73 (London, 1972)
est. – estimated recon. – reconaissance NYT – The New York Times
FMS – Foreign Military Sales S/A – surface-to-air SY72 – Stockholm International Peace Re-
program SP – self-propelled search Institute, SIPRI Yearbook,
helic. – helicopter S/S – surface-to-surface 1971-72 (Stockhom, 1972)
It. obs. – light observation t. – ton SY73 – SIPRI Yearbook, 1972-73 (Stockholm,
MAP – Military Assistance Program USN – U.S. Navy 1973)
WSJ – Wall Street Journal
